【正文】        I. Teaching goals
        1. Target language 
        It has been six years since we last saw each other. 
        This is the first time (that) I've visited your hometown. 
        This is the best film that I have ever seen.
        I'll return the book the library as soon as I have finished it.
        If/When it has stopped raining, we will go to the park.
        2. Ability goals
        Learn to use present perfect tense.
        3. Learning ability goals
        Teach the students learn how to use present perfect tense.
        4. Teaching important points
        The differences between past simple tense and present perfect tense.
        5. Teaching difficult points
        Present perfect tense with verbs to describe events happen at a particular point in time and to describe events that can continue over a period of time.
        6. Teaching methods
        Observation, explanation and practicing
        7. Teaching aids
        A computer, a projector.
        II. Teaching procedures 
        Step 1 Greetings and Revision
        Step 2 Grammar — What's the Present Perfect Tense?
        1. I have visited some beautiful cities. 
        2. They have put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently. 
        3. A friend has told me about a nice little fish restaurant near here. 
        4. John Martin: Oh, look at that huge apartment block!
        Xiao Li: Yes, they have just completed it. 
        Conclusion: 现在完成时表示一个到现在时间为止已经完成了的或是对现在有影响的动作或状态。（现在完成时的已完成用法）
        1. The family has lived in this town for twenty years.
        2. I've known him since last December. 
        3. He has studied English since he was 12 years old.
        4. Am I right in thinking that you have lived here all your life? 
        Conclusion: 现在完成时表示一个从过去某一刻开始延续到现在的动作或状态，这个动作或状态也许还会持续下去，常与for, since或一段时间连用。（现在完成时的未完成用法）
        Step 3 Grammar — Sentence Structures
        1. I have seen quite a lot of China.
        2. We have started a holiday club for children.
        3. They have put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently.
        4. It has been very successful, so far.
Conclusion: 肯定句：主语 + have/has + 过去分词.
        5. We have not finished the work.
        6. It has not been very successful yet.
Conclusion: 否定句：主语 + have/has not + 过去分词.
        7. Have you collected any information about occupations?
        8. —Has Tom left our town?
        —Yes, he has. 
         —And how long has he been away? 
        —About two hours.
        Conclusion: 疑问句: (疑问词) Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词?
        Practice: Exercise 1 on page 85.
        Step 4 Grammar—Time Expressions with Present Perfect Tense
        1. We've already done our best to help people find employment.
        2. They've put up a lot of high-rise buildings recently/lately.
        3. My wife's just bought a beautiful dress from one of the shops there. 
        4. Have you collected any information about occupations yet?
        5. Have you ever been to Gulangyu Island?
        6. We have seen that film before. 
        Conclusion: 现在完成时的已完成用法往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如already, recently, lately, just, yet, ever, before等。
        1. It's been very successful, so far. 
  2. Up to now, I've understood everything the teacher's said. 
  3. We've had very good weather this winter, till now. 
  4. Am I right in thinking that you've lived here all your life? 
  5. In the last twenty years, seven Canadian scientists have won the Nobel Prize! 
  Conclusion: 现在完成时未完成用法往往同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用, 如so far, up to now, till now, all one's life, in the past/last few years等。
  1.We have often been there.
  2.I have sometimes had letters from him.
  3.I have never seen such a high building.
  4.I have always lived in the same neighbourhood.
  5.I've been there twice/three times.
  Conclusion: 现在完成时还可以与表示频度的时间状语连用，如often, sometimes, never, once, always, twice, three times等。
  Step 5 Grammar — Continuous Verb OR Non-Continuous Verb 
  1. John Martin has come to Xiamen. (√)
  2. John Martin has come to Xiamen for three years. (×)
  3. John Martin has not come to Xiamen for three years. (√)
  4. John Martin has been ill since he moved to Xiamen. (√)
  5. John Martin has fallen ill since he moved to Xiamen. (×)
  6. John Martin has not fallen ill since he moved to Xiamen. (√)
  Conclusion: 非延续性动词（终止性动词）的肯定式不能和一段时间的状语连用，应改用相应的延续性动词或其它句型。
  常见的非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。
  翻译：这辆自行车我已买三年了。
  I have had this bike for three years.
  It has been three years since I bought this bike.
  Step 6 Grammar — have been to OR have gone to
  1. —Have you ever been to Gulangyu Island?
  —Yes, I have.
  2. Xiao Li has been to Gulangyu Island twice.
Conclusion: have been to表示去过某地（有去过某地的经历），人可以在说话处，或其它任何地方；可与表示次数的状语连用。
  3. —Xiao Li has gone to Gulangyu Island.
  —Oh, can you tell me when he left? 
  4. —Is that Jack speaking?
  —Sorry, he isn't in right now. He has gone to the cinema with his aunt. 
  Conclusion: have gone to表示去某地了，人一定不在说话处，要么在去的路上，要么已经到了，要么在回来的路上。
  Step 7 Grammar — Special sentence patterns
  1. It has been six years since we last saw each other. 
  2. This is the first time (that) I've visited your hometown. 
  3. This is the best film that I have ever seen.
  4. I'll return the book the library as soon as I have finished it. 
  5. If it has stopped raining, we will go to the park.
  Conclusion: 在一些特殊的句型中要使用现在完成时态。
  Step 8 Grammar — Present Perfect Tense OR Simple Past Tense 
  1. He has returned from Paris.
  He returned from Paris yesterday.
  2. He has been in the army for three years. 
  He joined the army three years ago.
  3. I went to Gulangyu Island last year.
  I have been to Gulangyu Island in the last year.
  4. Xiao Li has lived in Xiamen for 30 years.
  Xiao Li lived in Xiamen for 30 years. 
  Conclusion 1）一般过去时表示在确定的过去时间发生过的动作，仅陈述这一发生的动作属实，该动作和现在没有任何关系。
  而现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，该动作现已完成或可能持续，强调的是过去对现在的影响或结果。
  Conclusion 2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,  yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, 而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
  本节课反思：
  语法教学过程是枯燥的，如何进行生动的英语语法教学，是我们这节课的收获。
  1. 用个人信息。教师在黑板写下五个人的名字。关于每个人写下一句话，如：My son has just started school. Mary has just gone to Greece on holiday. 让学生留意just 的用法—当我们用just的时候，动作就发生在离现在不远的过去，具体时间未知。要求学生写下自己生活中的五个人，用现在完成时造句子。
  2．直接讲解。教师在黑板上写出现在完成时的谓语结构，然后直接讲解用法。如：I have been to America. She has lived here for 5 years. 此方法我们用得比较多, 就不多说了。
  3．实践与展示。即所谓的替换练习，学生两人一组，进行对话练习，课本上此法较多，NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH（新概念英语）提倡此法。然后教师从中选出问题提问学生。此方法的目的是让学生反复练习，达到熟练掌握。
  4.学生归纳总结。教师告诉学生今早她都干了什么，如：I’ve had my breakfast. I’ve said goodbye to my children. I’ve drunk two cups of coffee. I’ve driven to school. 教师把What have you done this morning?写在黑板上，然后个别提问，总结出现在完成时，若有错简单更正。教师指出现在完成时被用作过去不具体的时间，如果一个事件发生在过去，没有提及时间，经常用现在完成时。