【正文】  综观近几年的中考英语试题，基本可以将书面表达归纳为三种类型：文字性提示型；图表、表格提示写作型；看图作文型。以下结合今年收集的一些较好的题目，进行相关题型的分析。
　　一、文学性提示型书面表达
　　提示作文是最近几年全国中考英语书面表达的主要题型之一，它具有题型灵活、内容容易受控制、简单易写等特征。而且在中考书面表达一项所占的分值也有上升趋势。
　　范例1：根据中英文提示语，以“Saving the Earth”为题写一篇80词左右的短文。短文的开头已给出，不计入总数。
　　中英文提示语：
　　1.如何保护环境已成为世界最大难题之一。
　　2.垃圾污染环境，损害健康，不要到处乱扔垃圾。
　　3.废水流到江里，湖里和田地里，污染作物，杀死大量的鱼。
　　4.保持环境干净和整洁。我们只有一个地球，应保护她，使我们的家园更加美丽。
　 Saving the Earth
  How to protect the environment becomes___________________________
One possible version
　　…one of the biggest problems in the world.
　　We can find that rubbish not only polluted our environment but also harms people’s health. So we should not throw rubbish onto the ground . Some factories are pouring waste into rivers, lakes and fields. It can pollute plants or crops , and sometimes it can kill lots of fish.
　　We must keep our environment clean and tidy. We have only one earth. We must try our best to take care of her, and keep our home more and more beautiful.
　　范例2：水是大自然赐予人类最宝贵的生存资源之一。 水是生命之源，地球上没有水就不会有生命存在。请以“Water”为题写一篇文章，谈谈水对于人们的重要性。
　　要求：1.短文应切中题意，条理清晰的，语句通顺，书写规范。
　 2.词数80－100 , 短文开头已给出。
　　参考词汇:important, living things, eat, drink, make up, human body, dead, necessary, limited, save 
  Water
　　Water covers most parts of the earth. It’s important to all living things. Of all the things we eat and drink, water is the most important. Not many people understand this but it is quite true. Water makes up the largest part of the human body, any people may die if they don’t drink water for long. Water is necessary to all the living things. It’s difficult to imagine what life will be like without water.“There will be no life if there is no water.”
　　We all know water is very important . We should also know that water is limited, so we must save every drop of water.
　　上述两题属于中、英文提示的写作题。首先要指导学生认真审读写作的要求，根据题目所给的提示词语，可以列出所需要表达的全部要点，然后应用最有把握的表达句型来龙去脉联词成句。根据所要表达的意思，先用草稿将句子写出，将所要表示的意思都体现在自己所写的语句之中。要提醒学生除了提示中的所有要点，还要注意发表自己的观点，这是近几年中考书面表达的趋势。
　　文字性提示型书面表达的一般解题思路指导：
　　1.明确中心思想。由于提示作文一般不给标题，学生必须善于从所提示的情景中确定中心思想，明确写作意图，并在把握主题内容的基础上，确定文章的题目，主题句、写作方法以及开展段落的方式。此类试题是控制型的写作，不宜任意发挥，要按题目所给要求和长度（字、句数的限定）完成，否则不但容易离题而且出错的可能性会增大。
　　2.保持原汁原味。在写作过程中我们必须按提示的范围和要求来写文章，不要逐词逐句地直译汉语部分的提示，这样往往词不达意，不符合英语的表达的习惯。而完成英语提示的写作试题时，则应注意所给提示词语必须都用上。
　　3.符合逻辑性和连续性。我们要依据提示情景或词语，按照一定逻辑关系来写主题句，发展段落。句与句、段与段之间衔接要自然、连贯，要努力运用英语思维组织句子，宁可多写把握性大的句，不宜写把握性不大的复合句。
　　4.语法准确。根据内容确定句子的时态、语态，应注意书写规范，做到格式正确、分段得当、字迹清楚，要确保拼写、大小写和标点符号正确。
　　二．图表（结合文字）提示型书面表达
　　表格和图表题型写作是当前中考中较为常见的题型之一，考生要注意围绕所列要点去写，千万不可跑题。写作时尽量运用自己的能力，对所提示内容可作适当的发挥，遣词造句时要运用熟悉的句型和词汇，词要达意，再配上适当的描述，做到文通字顺即可。
　　范例3：下面是某些学生针对上网有益还是有害进行讨论后的结果。请你据此用英语写一篇短文，介绍他们各自不同的观点，并给出你的看法。






  One possible version
　　The table tells us that 60% of the students think getting online is very helpful. They can get important information from the Internet, which is helpful to their studies. They can make friends through the net. What’s more, it’s faster and cheaper to send e-mails on the Internet.
　　But 40% of them think that getting online is a waste of time and money . It is harmful to them because there is something bad for them to read. Besides,they never make friends on the net, because they don’t know each other well . And they think they can phone or write to their friends if they want to .
　　I think students should use the Internet to search some useful information for their studies. But they shouldn’t spend too much time on it.
　　范例4：根据下表提示，以The Changes in My Hometown 为题写一篇80 词左右的短文。






  注意：1.文中不得出现具体的地名，开头已给出，不计入总数。
  2.词汇：方便的 convenient
  The Changes in My Hometown
　　In the past, my hometown was very small…
One possible version
　　People lived a poor life. The houses were old and small . Pollution was very serious, and there was rubbish everywhere. The traffic wasn’t convenient, so few visitors came here.
　　Now great changes have taken place in my hometown. The environment becomes better. You can see greener mountains, cleaner rivers, and bluer sky. There are trees,flowers and grass everywhere. People live a better life, and their houses are larger and brighter. Many people have their own cars. Every year thousands of tourists from all over the world come to my hometown.
　　I’m sure my hometown will become more and more beartiful in the future.
　　图表提示型书面表达的解题思路指导：
　　1.引导学生认真审题，把握主题，明确文体。首先要仔细阅读写作要求，根据图表提示，确认题目的目的、要求及要表达的中心内容，从而确定文体和格式。
　　2,依据提示，列出要点，形成初稿。分析所提供的图表的提示内容，先用草稿，按逻辑顺序用英语列出所要表达的要点及各要点应用的关键词语，再选用有把握的句型连词成句，形成初稿。
　　3.核对要点，注意过渡，保证通顺。完成初稿之后，应对照所给的图表提示，核对要点是否有遗漏，各要点是否表达准确，还要注意上下句之间的联系，适当添加前后句连接所必需的过渡句或连接词，以便连成一篇上下连贯、通顺的短文。
　　4.默读检查，注意格式，认真誊写。仔细默读所写短文草稿，检查各句语法结构是否正确，句子间是否通顺连贯，以及所写的文体格式是否规范等。确定无误后再将短文认真誊写在试卷上，书写时要注意格式、拼写、大小写、标点等，做到工整、简洁。
　　三．图画型书面表达
　　图画型作文的不同之处在于：它除了要求考生有英语语言表达能力，还要求考生有观察能力、分析能力和想象能力。
　　范例5：观察下图，根据图示和参考词汇，适当想象，以Why are Trees Important? 为题写一篇不少于80词的短文。
　　
　　
　　
　　
　　
　　
　　 注意：1.短文应切中题意，条理清晰，语句通顺，书写规范。
  2.短文第一句已给出。
　　参考词汇：take in carbon dioxide(吸收二氧化碳)，oxygen(氧气)，insect,stop water and soil from going away(防止水土流失)，desert
  Why are Trees Important?
　　Trees are very important to us….
One possible version
  Do you know why? Here are the reason:
  First, the most important reason is that trees take in carbon dioxide and give out oxygen. Neither human beings nor animals can live without oxygen. Second, trees are the homes of many small animals and insects. They live in the trees and even get food froom the trees. Third, trees can stop raindrops from hitting the soil directly, so the soil is not easily washed away. What’s more,trees can make the world more beautiful.
　　Because of the importance of trees, we have Tree Planting Day and we have built the Green Great Wall which is 1,700 kilometers long and between 400 kilometers and 1,700 kilometers wide.
　　范例6：中学生学习紧张，心理压力大。保持舒畅的心情和健康的心态，愉快地学习、生活是很重要的。请你根据以下提示结合自己的学习、生活经历，以“How be in a good mood” 为题，写一篇英语短文。（词数80左右）
　　




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　　One possible version
　　It’s very important for us students to be a good mood. We can study or work well in good spirits, especially when we meet with difficulties. I think there are many ways we can do. For example,first,we can do some exercise or take a walk. Second , we can do some reading or listen to some music to relax ourselves. Third , we can turn to our teachers and friends for help. Fourth, we can eat healthy food and wear bright-colored clothes to cheer up, and so on. In these ways , we can deal with pressures and difficulties in our study, and we can do better and be happier.
　　图画型书面表达的一般解题思路指导：
　　1.引导学生认真观察每幅图画所提供的信息，积极展开联想，体会语境，要把握图中关键情节（如人物、环境、时间、地点、动作等）及相关关系，对每幅图所要表达的主题做到心中有数。如有提示词语，可进一步根据提示词语构思出一个完整的情节或语段。
　　2.根据每幅图画所表达的中心内容，选定自己熟悉的表达句型，再精心选择所缺的词语（除所提供的词语必须都用上外），运用自己所牚握的语法知识连词成句，逐图进行描述，写出语义恰当、语法正确的句子。不能原封不动地把这些词和短语串联起来，这样的句子必然会语法错误百出且句不达意。
　　3.检查所写内容是否紧扣图示情景，意思是否表达准确清楚，句子结构形式及词形是否正确。要特别注意句子的基本时态，叙事的书面表达常用一般过去时，同时要考虑图与图之间的联系以及时态的前后呼应，还要检查拼写、大小写和标点符号是否得当。